Gucunga Urunigi Niki?

Gupakira neza ibicuruzwa ni itandukaniro riri hagati yo guhagarara hejuru yikigega cyo hejuru no gukusanya umukungugu mugice cyinyuma. Ni itandukaniro kandi ryo gukora igitekerezo cya mbere kitazibagirana kubaguzi no kubura mubitekerezo bya buri munsi. Mugihe utegura ibipapuro bifatika, nibyingenzi kwibanda kubikenewe byumukoresha wa nyuma ubanje gukurikirwa nibikenewe nabagabuzi bawe hamwe nubucuruzi bwawe bwite. Ibyo bivuze gushushanya ibipfunyika bitanga agaciro kongerewe, byoroha kandi byifuzwa kubacuruzi kubiha umwanya wateganijwe, kandi ntibisaba inguzanyo ntoya yubucuruzi gukora. Soma kugirango umenye uburyo ikigo cyegera gupakira intambwe imwe icyarimwe kugirango ugere kubisubizo bitangaje.

Ubwa mbere, tugomba kumenya icyo dushaka kuvuga murwego rwo gutanga. Numuyoboro ugize buri gice cyibicuruzwa byawe, uhereye kubikoresho biva mu isoko kugeza gukora, kugurisha no kugera kubakiriya. Igizwe n'abantu ku giti cyabo, abatanga isoko, umutungo nibindi byose bijya gutanga ibicuruzwa byawe cyangwa serivisi, kandi ntaho wari kuba utabifite. Urunigi rutanga rurimo urukurikirane rw'intambwe n'inzira zo kuva mu bikoresho fatizo kugeza ku bicuruzwa byarangiye, hamwe n'abantu bashaka kubona agaciro keza kandi nanone kwizerwa kuri buri cyiciro. Hashobora kubaho ibibazo byinshi hamwe nibibazo kuva kubura kugeza kurugamba bishobora kugira ingaruka kumasoko yawe, ugomba rero kugerageza no kwemerera ibyo kandi ufite ibihe byihutirwa. Ibi nibindi bintu bigira ingaruka kumurongo wawe utugezaho kubicunga.

Nibyinshi bisa nkaho byumvikana, SCM igerageza gucunga no gutunganya urwego rwogutanga kugabanya ibiciro, gutanga ibicuruzwa vuba kandi birinda ibibazo bishobora kuvuka. Ni ngombwa cyane ku isoko ryiki gihe kugirango umenye neza ko buri kintu cyose mubucuruzi bwawe kigaragaza izina ryiza nikirango cyawe. Imanza, imitwe mibi hamwe nibicuruzwa byibutsa byose bihenze kandi byangiza kandi birindwa neza. Umuyobozi mwiza wo gutanga amasoko azaguha ibyo ukeneye byose ntakintu gishobora kugutera ibibazo nyuma.

Urunigi rutanga rufite ibice byinshi, kandi kuri buri cyiciro isosiyete irashobora kuzigama amafaranga binyuze mumuvuduko no gukora neza, cyangwa gutakaza amafaranga hamwe no kubura. Ikosa ryabantu, ibura nogutanga buhoro ni bike mubishobora kuvamo amafaranga ashobora kugaragara, bityo rero gucunga amasoko bigerageza kugenzura ibikoresho byibikorwa byose mubyiciro bitanu byingenzi:

• Igitekerezo, gahunda cyangwa ingamba

• Gushakisha ibikoresho bibisi nibindi byose bikenewe

• Gukora

• Gutanga

• Garuka

Kuri buri cyiciro biroroshye kubona impamvu imikorere ari ngombwa. Hatariho ibikoresho bibisi ibicuruzwa ntibishobora gukorwa. Niba hari imyigaragambyo cyangwa ubundi gutinda mubikorwa cyangwa kubitanga, umukiriya ntazakira ibicuruzwa byabo, kandi niba nta sisitemu yihuse ihari yo kugaruka noneho ikibazo gito gishobora gukina urubura rukaba runini runini.

Umuyobozi ushinzwe gutanga amasoko akazi ni ukugenzura kuri buri cyiciro ko ikiguzi ari gito gishoboka mugihe ugitanga urwego rukwiye rwubuziranenge, no kugerageza no guhanura, gukumira no gukosora ubundi ikibazo cyangwa ibibazo bishobora kubaho.

Ibi birashobora gukorwa ukoresheje sisitemu yikoranabuhanga no kunoza, gutangiza inzira zimwe na zimwe, ndetse no gukoresha ibigo byo hanze kugirango bikwiteho byose. Birashobora gufasha muburyo budasanzwe gukoresha uburambe nubundi buyobozi mu karere runaka, cyangwa hamwe nabatanga ibikoresho. Barashobora kuba mumwanya mwiza wo guteganya ibibazo bishobora kubaho kandi bakagira uburyo bwo kubisubiza nta mafaranga yo guhugura umuntu murugo kuyobora.

Ubucuruzi buciriritse nini bunini burahura ningorane nyinshi uyumunsi muguhuza ibiciro nubwiza ninyungu. Urunigi rutanga rushobora kuba imiyoboro minini cyangwa irashobora kuba umutungo ukurikije uko icungwa. Muri iyi si yamakuru yihuse yamasaha 24 nubukungu bwisi yose, buri gice cyumunyururu wawe kigomba kuba hejuru yigitutsi kugirango wirinde itangazamakuru ribi rihenze ndetse nubucamanza.

Ntushaka kandi abakiriya batishimye nibicuruzwa byiza, cyangwa mubyukuri abakiriya badashobora kubona ibicuruzwa byabo mugihe gikwiye. Ibura no guhungabana bibaho, kandi niba urunigi rwawe rutanga umusaruro neza kandi rugacungwa neza, ubwo rero bigomba kuba bike kandi ntibigire ingaruka kubucuruzi bwawe amaherezo.

Gutanga iminyururu yamye ari mubice byubucuruzi, ariko ubu ni ngombwa ko ucunga kandi ukagenzura ibyawe kugirango ubone byinshi kuri sosiyete yawe. Kuva mu gukumira ibibazo bikomeye no gukemura ibibazo kugeza kongera inyungu nubushobozi mugihe ugabanya ibiciro n imyanda, Ubuyobozi bwo gutanga amasoko ubu nigice cyingenzi mubucuruzi bwawe. Witegereze uburyo urwego rwawe rutanga rushobora kuba rwiza kandi rudahenze muri iki gihe.

Kwizerwa nimwe mubintu byingenzi byubucuruzi mugihe uvuga kuramba no gukomeza. Ni ukubera ko gushiraho umubano wigihe kirekire nabakiriya, abatanga ibicuruzwa, nabatanga ibicuruzwa biterwa nicyizere nicyizere kubirango byubucuruzi. Kugenzura ubuziranenge nimwe mubintu byingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho muguhitamo uwaguhaye isoko. Gukenera kwerekana kwizerwa nimpamvu nyamukuru yo kugenzura ubuziranenge.

Kugenzura ubuziranenge bivuga inzira yo gusuzuma ibicuruzwa mubikorwa byo gukora cyangwa kumurongo byanyura muburyo bukurikira cyangwa umuyoboro. Harimo gusuzuma ibintu mubikorwa nibyiza bihagije unyuze mubikorwa bikurikira cyangwa bitarenze ibyifuzwa kandi byakagombye gutabwa cyangwa gusubirwamo. Igenzura ryiza ryabanje kuba inzira yo kubahiriza amategeko n'amabwiriza ariho. Kurugero, kugenzura ubuziranenge kubikoresho byamashanyarazi byashyizweho kubera amategeko akomeye yumuriro. Byabanje gufatwa nkigiciro cyo gukora ubucuruzi, ntakindi. Uyu munsi, yatangiye kuba igiciro cyongerewe agaciro kubigo binini bifite ibikorwa bigoye. Nestle, kurugero, ifite igenzura ryiza kubicuruzwa byose barangije kumenyekanisha. Usibye kumenya neza ko ibicuruzwa byiza bigera ku isoko, bibafasha no kuzigama amafaranga ku bicuruzwa cyangwa kuregwa ku byangiza ubuzima. Igihe kirenze, nkubwiza bwibicuruzwa bigera ku isoko, abaguzi n'ababigurisha batangira kwizera ko ibicuruzwa bihoraho. Iyo ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bitanga ikintu runaka, byaba ngombwa ubonye igitekerezo cyuburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwuwabikoze kugirango umenye neza ko ari isoko yizewe. Ibi byafasha kumenya kwizerwa kubintu bigurishwa kumurongo wo kugurisha.

Iyo uvuze kugenzura ubuziranenge, umuntu agomba kureba kuri rusange imicungire yubuziranenge (TQM) politiki rusange yabatanga isoko. Ubusanzwe ibi bishyirwa muri raporo rusange zerekeye ibigo, bityo byaba isoko yamakuru yukuri ajyanye no kugenzura ubuziranenge. Muri TQM, isosiyete izategura ingengo yimikorere ishingiye kumikorere yashize. Ibinyuranyo byamenyekana hagati yimikorere nyayo ningengo yimishinga yateguwe. Ibicuruzwa bitandukana bijyanye nibintu bimwe na bimwe byumusaruro byamenyekana ugereranije nibipimo byateguwe nisosiyete. Ibinyuranyo bishobora kuba bifitanye isano nibikoresho cyangwa umurimo. Kuri buri kintu, ibinyuranyo byagabanywa kubiciro bitandukanye cyangwa ingano. Ibi byabareka bagabanya ibibazo biriho hamwe numusaruro. Umuntu ushinzwe gushakisha ibicuruzwa agomba kuba ashoboye kumenya isosiyete ifite politiki ihamye yo kugenzura ubuziranenge gusa nukureba uburyo bayobora neza ibyo bihinduka.

Kugenzura ubuziranenge bikubiyemo gushyira ingingo zubugenzuzi kumurongo wibyakozwe kugirango umenye neza ko inzira zingenzi zikoreshwa kubicuruzwa. Harimo gusuzuma ibicuruzwa byanyuze mubikorwa runaka kugirango umenye neza ko nta bintu bitujuje ubuziranenge byagera ku isoko. Mugihe ingingo zubugenzuzi zafatwaga nkibibuza, agaciro kabo mubucuruzi kazamutse mumyaka yashize. Gushiraho ingingo nyinshi zubugenzuzi mubikorwa byumusaruro bituma ibigo bishobora kumenya ubwoko bwinshi bwinenge zishobora kugera kumasoko iyo zitabonetse. Ifasha kandi kumenya ibibazo byihariye kumurongo wibyakozwe. Kurugero, kugira ingingo zitandukanye zo kugenzura kumurongo winteko hamwe nu murongo wo gupakira byafasha abayobozi kumenya niba ibibazo byumusaruro biva kumurongo winteko cyangwa kumurongo. Usibye ibi, ibishobora kunozwa mubyiza byibicuruzwa nabyo byashyirwa mubikorwa mugihe hagaragaye inenge zubu. Ingingo zubugenzuzi zirashobora kuba zihenze cyane mubijyanye nigiciro, igihe, nakazi, niyo mpamvu ibyo nabyo bigomba gushyirwaho neza, kugirango igenzurwa ryubuziranenge ritazatwara amafaranga arenze ayo yatanga inyungu.

Mugihe bimwe muribi bintu byihariye kandi byihariye kugirango biganirweho kubaturage muri rusange, ingingo yibanze hano ni ukumenya niba politiki yo kugenzura ubuziranenge ihari. Kugira ubumenyi bwibanze kubitekerezo byavuzwe haruguru byafasha guha ibikoresho abashinzwe gutanga amasoko neza. Kumenya kugenzura ubuziranenge ni ngombwa cyane kuko bitera kwizera mubitekerezo byabaguzi. Iyo ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, ni ngombwa kubona ibicuruzwa bishobora kugaragara nkubuguzi bwagaciro. Ubu buryo, bwaba aribwo buryo bwambere kubakoresha benshi mubakiriya.